List Of Chemistry Mnemonics - Periodic Table Pdf

A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.

Orbitals

Sequence of orbitals

• Sober Physicists Don't Find Giraffes Hiding In Kitchens.

Note: After the k shell, they follow alphabetical order (skipping s and p as they came earlier).

Aufbau principle

The order of sequence of atomic orbitals (according to Madelung rule or Klechkowski rule) can be remembered by the following.

Periodic table

Periods

Periods 1, 2 and 3

• Little Ben Became Charlie’s Number One Fighting Nemesis.

Native Magpies Always Sit Peacefully Searching Clear Areas.

• Happy Henry Likes Beer But Could Not Obtain Four Nuts.

Naughty Magpies Always Sing Perfect Songs Clawing Ants.

• Here He Lies Beneath Bed Clothes, Nothing On, Feeling Nervous.

Naughty Margaret Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around."

• H'illary Hertz Liked Berries But Could Not Order Few New Named Meringues Alright. Since Past She Clutched Apricots
• Hi Hello Little Beryll Brown Cracking Nuts On Friday .

Nellie's Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs Clearly

After Killing Cathy.

• Hi! He Lies Because Boron CanNot Oxidize Fluorine. Necromantic Nato Mg (abbv. for make good)

All Silicon Ports. Superman Clean Argon's K-Capture.

• Happy Harry Listens B B C Network Over France Nevertheless Nothing More Arose So Peter Stopped Cleaning Airgun K Ca.
• His Headmaster Left Before Bassey Could Now Overcome Force Nowadays Some Men Are So Proud So Could Arrange Parties Casually.
• Harry Helped Little Benny Balmer Carry Neat Oranges From Neptune's Natural Menagerie Always Singing Polite Sonnets Clearly Arf Key Casually.
• Harry Helpes Little Betty Brown Crack Nuts On Friday Nights.
• Ha. Healthy Little Beggar Boys Catching Newts Or Fish.
• Hell, Here Little Beatniks Brandish Countless Number Of Flick kNives.
• Nagging Maggie Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around." (adapted)

Period 4

• PoKey Captain Scans Tight Virgin Crew Members Fer Cold Night Cuddles. Zany Gray Germs Are Sold By Kremlin.
• In reverse order: Kry Brother! SeAs of Germany and Gaul sink copper ships Nice and Cold From Manx to Crimea, Vancouver to Timor, and Scandinavia to the California Koast.

Transition metals

First

• Scary Tiny Vicious Creatures are Mean; Females Come Nightly to Club Z.
• Scabby Tim Violates Crummy, Mangy, Ferrets, Cows and Nice Cute Zebras.
• SucTion VelCro Man Fears CoNiC uZi.

Second

• Yes S(Z)ir, Niobi and Most Technicians Rub Rhonda Padilla's silver(Ag) Cadillac.
• U(Y)ser(Zr): Noob. MoaTs cRush R(h)eally Pointy dAggers, Cod.

Third

• Larry's Half Taken, Wendy Reached Out H(I)er Plate Audibly, Helga.
• Loud Hoot feared. TaWny Red Owls ' Irate Plots Actually Hurt gardeners.

Lanthanides and actinides

Lanthanides

• Ladies Can't Put Nickels Properly in Slot-machines. Every Girl Tries Daily, However, Every Time You Look.
• Languid Centaurs Praise Ned's Promise of Small European Garden Tubs; Dinosaurs Hobble Erratically Thrumming Yellow Lutes.

Actinides

• Radiant Acting Thoroughly Protects yoUr Nepotism, Plutocratic America Cures-me & Berkeley California, Einstein Firmly Mended Noble Lawreins.
• Three Planets: Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Amy Cured Berkeley, California. Einstein and Fermi Made Noble Laws.

56 elements in sequence

• Here Lies Benjamin Bones. Cry Not Oh Friend Needlessly.

Nature Magnifies All Simple People Sometimes Clowns And

Kings Can Scream Till Vast Crowds Moan. Fear Conquers Neither Courageous Zealous

Gallant Gents. As Seen Brown Karate Robes Strip Yobs. Zurich Noble Mortals Track Ruddy Rhubarb. Paid Silver Candid

Indian Sons Sobbing Tears In Xcess Cease Bawling.

Groups

Group 1 (alkali metals)

  Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium  

LIttle NAsty Kids RuB CatS FuR

LIttle NAughty Kids Ruin Ben's Convenient Store Forever

Remember that hydrogen is not an alkali metal

Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)

Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium

• Bearded Muggers Came Straight Back Rapidly.
• Beer Mugs Can Serve Bar Rats.

Group 13

Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium

• Boring Aluminum Galley’s Indigestible Tally-list.
• Bears Always Gave Indians Trouble.
• B A G I T (bag it)

Group 14

Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead

• Can Silly Germans Snatch (Tiny) Public (Lead).
• Can Simple Germans Snare (Tiny) Public (Lead)?
• Chemistry Sir Gives Snappy Problems.
• Chaku Singh Great Son Of Punjab

Group 15 (pnictogens)

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth

• New Popes Assign Subordinate Bishops.
• Non-Profit As anti-money Business. *

Group 16 (chalcogens)

Oxygen, Sulphur (or Sulfur), Selenium, Tellurium, Polonium

• Oversized Sailors Sell and Tell about Polo cologne.
• Old TSangpo Seem Terribly Polluted.
• Oliver Smith Sells Tea Pots.
• Oh Shiva See The Pots.

Group 17 (halogens)

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

• Fleeing Chlorine-layers & Bromine, I’d Astonish.
• Funny Clowns Broil Innocent Ants.
• Fish Can't Breathe In Air.
• Fluffy Clouds Bring In Atrocious Thunderstorms.

• "'F"'irst "'Cl"'ass "'B"'iryani "'I"' "'at"'e "'T"'ODay.

Group 18 (noble gases)

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

• Hero Needs Arguable Kryptic Xes. Right-on.
• He Never Arrived; Karen eXited with Ron.

Properties of elements

Abundance of elements on earth's crust

• Oh S(i)ee Al Fee Cah Mig NacK.

Activity series of metals

• Please Stop Calling Me A Cute Zebra I Like Her Call Smart Goat

Note that Carbon is a non-metal, used as a baseline.

• Kangaroos Naturally Muck About in Zoos For Purple Hippos Chasing Aardvarks.
• Katty's Naughty Cat Mingled with Alice and Zarina; Fearlessly Plundering Her Cupboard of Gold.

• Papa Said Call Me After Zinc Interacts Tin Leading Hydrogen Co-operate Mr. Sylvester to Gain Popularity.

Electronegativity

• Pronounce: FONCl BrIS CHP.

FONe CalL Brought to India,Sonias Congress Happy Position

(F)irst (O)ff, (Cl)ean (N)ow; (Br)ing (I)n (S)ome (C)aps, (H)alters, and (P)ants.

Flaming Oxygen Nice Clear Bright I Suspect Canned Hydrogen

Electrochemical series

• Paddy Could Still Marry A Zulu In The Lovely Honolulu Causing Strange Gazes.
• Please Stop Calling Me A Crazy Zombie If That Large Hippo Can’t Swim, Glug, glug.

Reactions and ions

Redox reactions

A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in oxidation state of atoms participating in the reaction.

Ions

An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.

• Leo says Ger! or Leo the lion, Ger! can be used to represent Loss of electron is oxidation; Gain of electron is reduction.
• Oil Rig: Oxidation is loss; Reduction is gain (of electrons).

Cations and anions

Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (âˆ') charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics.

• Cats have paws â‡" Cations are pawsitive.
• Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign.
• An anion is a negative ion. (Anegativeion â‡' Anion).

Cation vs. anion: positive vs. negative

The t in cation looks like a plus sign: "ca+ion".

Cation is positive, anion is negative.

Oxidation vs. reduction:electrochemical cell and electron gain/loss

AN OIL RIG CAT:

At the ANode, Oxidation Involves Loss of electrons.

Reduction Involves Gaining electrons at the CAThode.

'LOAN'- Left Anode Oxidation Negative [ on the left on side of the cell reaction (in written form), Oxidation takes place ]

LEO says GER:

"Loss of Electrons, Oxidation; Gain of Electrons, Reduction".

Electrodes

An electrode in which oxidation takes place is called an anode while in that which reduction takes place is called cathode. This applies for both electrolytic and electrochemical cells, though the charge on them reverses. The red cat and an ox mnemonics are useful to remember the same.

• Red cat: Reduction at cathode

An ox: Anode for oxidation.

• The words oxidation and anode, both begin with vowels.

Also, both reduction and cathode begin with consonants.

• Fat Cat: electrons flow From Anode To Cathode

Compounds

Diatomic molecules

Molecules exhibiting diatomic structures can be remembered through the following mnemonics.

• I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends.
• I Bring Clover For Our New Horse.
• Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer.
• Help Our Needy Class Find Brains Immediately.
• Horses Need Oats For Clear Brown Eyes (I's).
• Her Nana's Only Functioning Clicker Broke Instantly.
• BrINClHOF: say Brinkelhof.
• HONClBrIF The name of the imaginary chemistry goose. Say "Honk-Cool-Brief."
• I Bring Clay For Our New House.

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen forms hydrogen bonds with three elements which are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and fluorine (F). The names of these elements can be remembered by the following mnemonic.

• Hydrogen is FON! (fun).

Polyatomic ions: âˆ'ate and -ite ions

• Super Popeye Constantly Clubbed Brutus In Nevada.

• Nick Brit the Camel ate an Inky Clam with Crêpes for Supper in Phoenix.

Number of consonants denotes number of oxygen atoms. Number of vowels denotes negative charge quantity. Inclusion of the word "ate" signifies that each ends with the letters a-t-e. To use this for the -ite ions, simply subtract one oxygen but keep the charge the same.

Organic chemistry

Carboxylic acids

Common names of homogeneous aliphatic carboxylic acids,

• Frogs Are Polite, Being Very Courteous.

Dicarboxylic acids

The sequence of dicarboxylic acids can be remembered with following mnemonics.

• Oh My Such, Good Apples.
• Oh My Stars, Green Apples.
• Oh My, Such Good Apple Pi.e., Sweet As Sugar.
• Oh My Stars, Go Ahead Please

Aromatic compounds

m-directing groups

• Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates.

o,p-directing groups

• AHA AHA P.

Note: -NH₂,-NHR and NR₂ are para directing groups but not -NR₃⁺

E-Z notation for isomers

"Zame Zide. Epposite.":

Z is the 2 functional groups on the same side of double bond.

E is for opposite sides.

Cisâ€"trans isomerism

Cis starts with a C and the functional groups form a C.

Trans, therefore is the other one by default.

Benzene ring: order of substitutes

"Benzene likes to ROMP":

• From R group moving around the ring:

R group

Ortho

Meta

Para.

Biochemistry

Essential amino acids

• PVT TIM HaLL and TT HALL Very IMPortant.
• MATT HILL, VP Matt Hill is the Vice President
• LIFT HIM KIW(V)I
• TV FILM HW(R)K.
• Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proves Truly Valuable. This method begins with the two amino acids that need some qualifications as to their requirements.
• There as [a] fat man [that] hated vanilla icing, [but] loved Kit-Kats.

Krebs cycle

To remember Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle);

• Caesar’s Armies Invaded Other Kingdoms Searching For Many Oranges.

Citric Acid Is One Key Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation

Plant nutrients

To remember the elements necessary for agriculture;

• C (see) Hopkins CaFe, Mighty-good Man, Cu (see your) Money, hope they are Closed or out of Business.

For remembering macronutrients;

• C. HOPKiN'S Ca Mg (C. Hopkins coffee mug).

C H O N P K Ca Mg S {CHO "N"ever "P"unch "K"ittens they'll "Ca"ll aunt "Mag" and then you are "S"crewed.